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| Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union
The Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union ''Hramada'' ((ポーランド語:Białoruska Włościańsko-Robotnicza Hromada), (ベラルーシ語:Беларуская Сялянска-Работніцкая Грамада), Lacinka: ''Biełaruskaja Sialanska-Rabotnickaja Hramada'') was an agrarian political party created in 1925 by a group of Belarusian deputies to the Polish Sejm.〔 The BPWU was active in the eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic (present-day Western Belarus); and included Branislaw Tarashkyevich, Symon Rak-Mikhailouski, Piotra Miatla, and the founder of ''Hramada'' Paviel Valoshyn (be) (Paweł Wołoszyn) who was declared a traitor by the Comintern soon thereafter. The group received logistical help from the Soviet Union,〔 and financial aid from the Comintern.〔
==Background==
Formed in July 1925 legally – by 1927 the ''Hramada'' organization was controlled entirely by agents deployed from Moscow,〔 whose aim was to destabilize the region and recruit partisans.〔 It was used by the Soviet Union as the cover for the activities of delegalized Communist Party of Western Belarus in Poland.〔 Allegedly, BPWU demanded independence for Belarus, but in reality promoted only the idea of incorporating the ethnically Belarusian lands into the Soviet Union which meant yet another partition of Poland, wrote historian Andrew Savchenko. The Russians attempted to isolate the Belarusian ethnic minority in Poland from the political process in the country. In turn, ''Hramada'' leaders did exactly what their Moscow advisors suggested they do, and disseminated Comintern propaganda which resulted in the rapid growth of its rank and file. By March 1927 the party had 120,000 members.〔 The membership of the Communist Party decreased at the same time by a thousand.〔
The connection between ''Hramada'' and the Communist Party of Western Belarus was inevitably discovered by the Polish authorities.〔 On 15 January 1927 some top activists of BPWU were arrested by Poland under the charge of subversive anti-Polish activities. Most BPWU leadership escaped back to the Soviet Union.〔 In the aftermath of the party's de-legalisation, on February 3, 1927 a riot erupted in Kosava where the Soviet diversionist cell was already formed. Polish police responded with fire, killing 6 people and wounding several dozens.〔
The Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union ''Hramada'' established several periodicals devoted not only to politics, but also to culture and business. It had party cells in the following powiats:〔(Васіль Гарбачэўскі, ЗНІТАВАНЫЯ ЛЁСАМ. ) Memoir. Куфэрак Віленшчыны, 02.09.2002. 〕 Baranavichy, Bielsk, Valozhyn, Vaukavysk, Vileyka, Wilno, Hrodna, Dzisna, Kosava, Lida, Maladzyechna, Navahrudak, Pastavy, Pinsk, Slonim, Stouptsy and Sokółka.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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